Introduction
Parque Nacional Alerce Costero, spanning Chile's Los Ríos region, protects one of the world's oldest forest ecosystems, featuring the iconic alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides) trees that can endure for millennia . Established in 2012 and incorporating the Alerce Costero Natural Monument, the park safeguards temperate rainforests critical for biodiversity, water regulation, and carbon sequestration . Recent years have spotlighted restoration...
Introduction
Chile's Antofagasta region, a mining powerhouse in the hyper-arid Atacama Desert, grapples with severe water scarcity intensified by climate change and industrial demands. The mining sector alone accounts for 65% of local water use, consuming about 9 cubic meters per second as of 2020 . Amid this, the Antofagasta Wastewater Reuse Plant, awarded to Sacyr in May 2025, represents...