Africa

Introduction Drylands cover over 40% of Earth's land surface, supporting more than two billion people, yet they are increasingly threatened by climate warming and human activities. Desertification, land degradation, and drought (DLDD) not only erode soil fertility but also amplify pollution through dust storms and carbon emissions, undermining global efforts to combat environmental decline . Recent reports underscore the stakes:...

Introduction Mangrove ecosystems, those intricate networks of salt-tolerant trees and shrubs lining tropical and subtropical coastlines, serve as critical buffers against climate change impacts. They not only store vast amounts of carbon but also support biodiversity, fisheries, and human livelihoods. However, widespread deforestation, pollution, and unsustainable development have degraded these habitats, with global losses accelerating vulnerability to sea-level rise and...